Historical perspective on the evolution of anti-fouling coatings from toxic tributyltin (TBT) paints through copper-based systems to modern non-toxic foul-release…
Technical review of emerging non-biocidal anti-fouling approaches including silicone foul-release surfaces, enzyme-based coatings, micro-textured surfaces inspired by shark skin, and…
Detailed study of the colonial hydroid Ectopleura larynx as a primary fouler on salmon farm nets in central Norway. Documented…
Policy-focused analysis of how environmental regulations shape anti-fouling choices for the aquaculture industry, tracing the shift from TBT-based paints to…
A large calcareous tubeworm that builds distinctive white tubes on hard substrates. In Scottish sea lochs, Serpula aggregations form reef-like…
One of the most common hard-fouling organisms in European aquaculture. Acorn barnacles attach permanently to cage nets, ropes, and buoys,…
A small amphipod crustacean that builds dense mats of mud tubes on net surfaces. Jassa colonies trap sediment and organic…
A major biofouling organism in northern European waters. Dense mussel aggregations add significant weight to aquaculture structures and can harbour…
A delicate colonial hydroid forming feathery white growths on submerged nets and ropes. Obelia is among the earliest macrofoulers to…
Calcareous tubeworms that build hard white tubes on any submerged surface. The tubes are difficult to remove and can damage…
